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Russian
Academy of Sciences
Department
of Geology, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Mining Sciences
Electronic
Scientific Information Journal
"HERALD
OF THE DGGGMS RAS"
№
2(4)'1998
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http://www.scgis.ru/h_dgggms/index.html
Published
from 1997
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CONTENTS
From the Compilers of Special Issue
A.A. Nikonov. Chronicle of the Ashkhabad Catastrophe
P.V. Fedorov. Ashkhabad – 1948. Eye-witness
Memories
D.V. Nalivkin. Memories on the Ashkhabad Earthquake,
1948
R.N. Kvitnitskiy. Studies of the Ashkhabad
Earthquake Consequences
L.I. Ioganson & A.A. Nikonov. Contribution of
the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Geophysical Institute of the USSR
Academy of Sciences to Investigation of the Ashkhabad Earthquake
G.P. Gorshkov. Geological conditions of the
Ashkhabad Earthquake Origin (Section from the Report of Seismic Commission
of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1948)
L.M. Rastsvetaev. On Geological Conditions and Tectonodynamic
Situation of the Ashkhabad Earthquake Origin
Yu.O. Kuzmin. Mechanism of formation of the
anomalous deformation processes during preparation and realization of
Ashkhabad earthquake, 1948.
G.A. Sobolev. Substantiation of the Earthquake
Prediction Program by G.A. Gamburtsev
A.G. Gamburtsev. G.A. Gamburtsev and the Problem of
Earthquake Prediction
A.A. Nikonov.
The Ashkhabad Earthquake-1948:
Problems and Determinations Half a Century After the Catastrophe
List of the main Literature about the Ashkhabad Earthquake
ABSTRACTS
A.A. Nikonov
Chronicle of the Ashkhabad Catastrophe
On the base of a number of published, archive data and interviews
the author gives an attempt to recollect consequently the real picture of
the earthquake. Special attention is paied to its influence on people and
the situation. Many facts being unknown earlier are informed. Unsufficient
level of the event investigation in economical, medical and psychological
aspects is considered. Yet, any lessons of life-saving have not been
learned.
P.V. Fedorov
Ashkhabad – 1948. Eye-witness Memories
The published extract devoted to the tragic days of 1948 is taken
from Memoies just having been completed by the author. The author is a
geologist by profession. He is a former worker of Turkmenian geological
department. These are the Memories of an earthquake eye-witness who had
lost his Mother at the moment but had fixed in his memory various
every-day details, characteristics of destructions and reconstruction
works in the town.
D.V. Nalivkin
Memories on the Ashkhabad Earthquake 1948
In the Memories of academician D.V. Nalivkin (written apparently in
the 70-ties and published firstly in Asjkhabad in 1989 as a brochure) many
important facts and details of tragic days in October, 1948 are presented.
The author was a eye-witness and a real participant of the event, he
helped injured people during the first tragic days. There is a genuine
authentic description with particular details of everyday features in
completely destroyed town.
R.N. Kvitnitskiy
Studies of the Ashkhabad Earthquake Consequences
The results of the examination of the destructed residences and
industrial constructions as consequence of the catastrophic earthquake,
5/6 October 1948, are presented in the report. Particular attention has
been drawn to the destruction degree depending on quality of the building
materials and type of construction. The emplemented investigation showed
that huge destructions in Ashkhabad were caused by ignorance of the
antiseismic building rules and poor quality of the building materials.
Some types of constructions with different resistance degree to the
seismic affect were pointed out.
L.I. Ioganson & A.A. Nikonov
Contribution of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Geophysical
Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences to investigation of the
Ashkhabad earthquake
Since the first day after the Ashkhabad earthquake, 1948, Academy of
Sciences of the USSR took active part in investigation of the consequences.
and nature of this outstanding seismic event. The special Comission of
Academy of Sciences, including mainly researchers from the Geophysical
Institute of Acad. Sci. of the USSR, arrived to Ashkhabad being aimed at
mapping and assessing of the destructions, compiling the map of
isoseismals and studying of the tectonic nature of the earthquake. The
researchers from other Soviet Academies took part in these investigations
also. The Ashkhabad earthquake due its catastrophic consequences showed
the necessity of the creation of the scientific programm on the earthquake
prognosis, which was elaborated by academician G.A. Gamburtsev and his
colleagues from the Geophysical Institute during several next years.
G.P. Gorshkov
Geological conditions of the Ashkhabad Earthquake Origin (Section from
the Report of Seismic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1948)
The extract from the Report by G.P. Gorshkov is of special
importance. This is a description of the first surface effects research in
zone of the greatest earth tremor.
G.P. Gorshkov has distinguished groups of surface disturbances which
judging from their decriptions quite undoubtedly have a genetic sense.Thus,
they help to realize tectonic processes having been accompanied (given
rise to) the earthquake.
Yu.O. Kuzmin
Mechanism of formation of the anomalous deformation processes during
preparation and realization of Ashkhabad earthquake, 1948.
New data of recent crustal deformations in the epicenter of
Ashkhabad earthquake is demonstrated. New experimental data and results of
modeling is in contradiction with the common notion kinematics of the main
shock and focus depth of the earthquake.
Mechanism of formation of the anomalous geodynamic situation in focus
zone is elaborated bottomed in seismically induced deformation activity in
North - Ashkhabad fault zone which is supported by geodetic measurements.
Mathematics modeling of precursor effects is done and shows main
characteristics of the precursors (attenuation of amplitude with distance,
form and duration) which accords with location of the focus in Predovoi
fault of Kopet-Dag.
G.A. Sobolev
Substantiation of the Earthquake Prediction Program by G.A. Gamburtsev
The principal views of G.A. Gamburtsev on the state and prospects of
studies in earthquake prediction were formulated in 1954. He proceeded
from the assumption that the Earth's crust is composed of blocks with
different durability, whereas the earthquakes occur as a result of the
relative movements of these blocks. G.A. Gamburtsev recommended the
development of multidisciplinary research of prognostic effects, namely
the peculiarities of slow movements of the Earth's crust, the foreshocks,
migration of weak earthquakes foci, higher mechanical stresses in the area
of a future earthquake, higher seismic activity, variations of seismic
waves velocities, the changes in the electric and magnetic fields. The
results of subsequent researches have shown that the ideas suggested by
G.A.Gamburtsev 40 years ago were basically true. In actual fact, though,
the real processes were found to be much more complicated. Most of the
anomalies in different fields recognized as precursors originate not in
the source of the impending earthquake, but are the result of the
triggering effect on the source caused by the variations in the stress
state of the Earth which are induced by cosmic and meteorological
processes. These circumstances reduce the probability of a successful
prediction of the place, strength and time of an earthquake.
A.G. Gamburtsev
G.A. Gamburtsev and the problem of earthquake prediction (from
scientific-bibliographical article about academician G.A. Gamburtsev)
Organizational and scientific aspects of activities of academician
G.A. Gamburtsev associated with earthquakes prediction are concerned in
the present article. The main principles of the Gamburtsev Program on the
problem of prediction are stated. The Program had been worked out after
the Ashkhabad earthquake in 1948.
A.A. Nikonov
The Ashkhabad Earthquake-1948: Problems and Determinations Half a
Century After the Catastrophe
In spite of numerous and essential investigations during the past
decades a number of questions concerning the catastrophe, both social and
scientific, are not determined yet; and the catastrophe itself is not
known to a real extent. The author considers some important questions and
proposes original determinations basing on both, well-known and newly
collected initial data - about a great number of victims, causes of
victims and mass destructions; on source mechanism and forerunner
phenomena; on experience and lessons of the Ashkhabad catastrophe.
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